Page 72 - Proceeding of Plenary Abstract of Parallel Symposim

ENDOKRINOLOGI

Endocrine System and Covid-19

Jose R. L. Batubara
Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
Abstract
Background Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus
belonging to corona-viridae. SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells through ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptors. It mainly
attacks respiratory tracts; however it may affect other tissues. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed in several
endocrine tissues such as hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal, gonads, thyroid and pancreatic islets.Discussion It
is not yet clear whether Covid-19 patients will develope acute or late-onset endocrine diseases or dysfunction,
or underlying endocrine causes could be risk factors for poor prognosis in Covid-19 patients. We reported
several endocrine cases during Covid-19 pandemic, that must be monitored for later complications.

Precocious Puberty vs. Early Puberty

Siska Mayasari Lubis
Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara/H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Abstract
Background Puberty is a process leading to physical and sexual maturation involving the development of
secondary sexual characteristics as well as growth changes in body composition, psychosocial maturation,
and capacity for fertility. Objective To describe the differentiation between precocious puberty and
early puberty. Methods This review was searched all known literature in the references to relevant study.
Results Several genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors play an important role in the onset and
progression of puberty. Puberty begins between 8-13 years of age in girls, and between 9-14 years of age in
the boys. The initial clinical signs are breast development in females and increased testicular volume (≥ 4 ml)
in males. Precocious puberty is a specific pediatric disease characterized by the appearance of secondary sexual
characteristics at an abnormally early age in comparison with reference populations, it is usually defined as the
onset of puberty before 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. Between normal puberty and precocious puberty,
there is a population in a “borderline” situation, which can be defined as early puberty. Although there is a lot
of discussion surrounding the age at onset of the latter, early puberty is generally understood to be the onset
of pubertal between 8 - 9 years of age in girls and between 9 - 10.5 years in boys. Conclusion Although early
puberty is considered a normal variant of puberty, it is approached in the same way as precocious puberty in
practice since it may end up having negative repercussions both on final stature and on social and psycho
emotional factors. Treatment should be offered to those, either precocious puberty or early puberty, with rapid
progression of puberty and accelerated growth and bone maturation rates.
Keywords: puberty; precocious; early, adolescent; age of onset

Kongres Nasional Ilmu Kesehatan Anak XVIII 57