Page 66 - Proceeding of Plenary Abstract of Parallel Symposim

TUMBUH KEMBANG - PEDIATRI SOSIAL

Behavioral and Cognitive Problems in Pediatric Malnutrition

Fitri Hartanto
Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
Abstract
Background Malnutrition is associated with structural and functional brain pathologies. Various behavioral
disorders and cognitive deficits have been reported in malnourished or obese children. Discussion The effect
of chronic protein energy deficiency (PEM) that causes stunting and wasting in children can also affect the
development of higher cognitive processes in childhood (> 5 years). This literature study found the effect of
malnutrition on the level of cognitive development and behavioral problems. Malnutrition predisposes to
neurocognitive deficits, which in turn predisposes to persistent externalizing behavior problems throughout
childhood and adolescence. The findings suggest that reducing malnutrition early on can help reduce antisocial
and aggressive behavior later in life. Preventing malnutrition, in addition to promoting good nutrition, is an
important social behavior in early childhood, a critical period for social and neurocognitive development, with
implications for promoting good health in adulthood.

Detection and Diagnosis of Internet Addiction in Children

I Gusti Ayu Trisna Windiani
Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Udayana/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Abstract
Background Internet use has become an indispensable and integral part of everyday life. Internet use in a
reasonable way is beneficial, but excessive and uncontrolled internet use may develop into internet addiction.
Internet addiction is defined as an individual’s inability to control his/her use of the Internet, which includes
all the activities done online. Internet addiction is a serious public health problem in the world, especially
in children during the pandemic of Covid-19. Objective To determine detection and diagnosis of internet
addiction in children. Results Internet addiction has similar behavioral patterns and biological causations
to substance addiction such as tolerance, withdrawal, repeated failure to reduce or quit, and impairment
in daily life. Neurological and neuroimaging studies of internet addiction show biological changes in the
prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex, and ventral striatum. The changes in brain structure and brain function are
related to reward, emotion, executive function and attention, decision making, and cognitive control. Internet
Addiction Test (IAT) is one of the most common instruments used to detect internet addiction is which has
good validity. Behavioral addiction was introduced as a new category of psychiatric disorders in substance-
related and addictive disorders on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), with
pathological gambling as a diagnosis and internet gaming disorder as a subtype. Conclusion The treatment
of internet addiction is divided into pharmacology and non-pharmacology. The prevention program from
various parties is needed to prevent the negative effect of internet addiction.
Keywords: internet addiction; children; IAT

Kongres Nasional Ilmu Kesehatan Anak XVIII 51